Environmental and Physiological Factors Associated With Stamina in Dogs Exercising in High Ambient Temperatures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This IACUC approved study was performed to evaluate the environmental, physiological and hematological components that contribute to stamina following successive bouts of exercise that included searching (5-min), agility (5-min), and ball retrieve (<10-min). Regularly exercised dogs (N=12) were evaluated on 5 separate occasions. The population consisted of 8 males and 4 females ranging in age from 8-23 months, which included 6 Labrador retrievers, 3 German shepherds and one each English springer spaniel, German wirehaired pointer, and Dutch shepherd. The exercise period was up to 30 minutes with 5 minutes of intermittent rest between the exercise bouts or until a designated trainer determined that the dog appeared fatigued (e.g. curled tongue while panting, seeking shade, or voluntary reluctance to retrieve). At the end of the exercise period, pulse rate, core temperature, blood lactate, and venous blood gas were collected. The median outdoor temperature was 28.9°C (84°F) (IQR; 27.2-30°C/81-86°F) and median humidity was 47% (IQR; 40-57%). Median duration of exercise was 27 minutes (IQR; 25-29). No dog showed signs of heat stress that required medical intervention. The components used to measure stamina in this study were total activity, post-exercise core body temperature, and increase in core body temperature. When controlling for breed, total activity, as measured by omni-directional accelerometer device, could be predicted from a linear combination of the independent variables: pre-exercise activity (p=0.008), post-exercise activity (p<0.001), outdoor temperature (p=0.005), reduction in BEecf (p=0.044), and decrease in TCO2 (p=0.005). When controlling for breed and sex, increase in core body temperature could be predicted from a linear combination of the independent variables: study day (p=0.005), increase in PR (p<0.001), increase in lactate (p=0.001), reduction in BEecf (p=0.031), increase in glucose (p=0.044), increase in hematocrit (p=0.032), and increase in hemoglobin (p=0.038). This study suggests that the influence of outdoor temperature, pre- and post-exercise activity, and the metabolic parameters are important components of stamina associated with exertion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".