OP31.07: Papillary bladder carcinoma of low‐malignant potential during pregnancy: 2D and 3D ultrasonography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bladder neoplasm detected during pregnancy is a rare condition. The cardinal symptoms dysuria and hematuria are often mistakenly attributed to the pregnancy complications. Ninety percent of cases in women under 40 fortunately belong to superficial papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), known even as transitional cell cancer (TCC). Cigarette smoking, frequent urinary tract infections and environmental chemical carcinogens exposure are the most important risk factors for bladder carcinoma. A healthy 28-year-old pregnant primigravida woman, non-smoker, presented in gestational week 30+3 with intermittent painless macrohematuria, interpreted as vaginal bleeding. She underwent gynecological examinations twice without detection of any signs of bleeding. At the third examination an irregular papillary bladder neoplasm was suspected on 2D ultrasound. 3D image of the neoplasm was rendered using HDlive and the volume was measured. Colour and spectral Doppler shown a moderate vascularity with high peak systolic velocity (PSV=28cm/sec) inside of the neoplasm. Cystoscopy confirmed a suspicious neoplasm. Urine cytology was negative. In gestational week 34+0 an emergency Caesarean section was performed due to failure of induction of labour. Three days later a transurethral resection of neoplasm (TUR-B) was performed, uneventfully. Histology shown non-invasive papillary urothelial cancer (stage pTaG1). No adjuvant therapy was needed. Follow-up with cystoscopy, 4 and 10 months after treatment, were negative. Despite the rarity of bladder carcinoma during pregnancy an examination of urinary bladder should always be performed in case of atypical genital bleeding. Different diagnostic imaging as 2D and 3D ultrasound, followed by cystoscopy are sufficient and comfortable diagnostic modalities for bladder neoplasm during pregnancy. Transurethral resection of non-invasive bladder carcinoma can be performed safely either during pregnancy or after delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".