Polarized Neutron Reflectometry of Metal Consumption and Passive Film Growth on Nickel Exposed to an Alkaline Deuterium Oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrochemical behavior of Ni in an alkaline heavy water electrolyte was studied using cyclic voltammetry and polarized neutron reflectometry. Delays in the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions on Ni electrodes and slower kinetics of the reactions in heavy water compared to light water were observed. However, in both 0.01 mol/L NaOH light and heavy water solutions, Ni oxidation and passive film formation occurred at the same potential with similar passive current densities indicating a minor isotope effect of deuterium on passive film formation and growth. Polarized neutron reflectometry detected a passive film growth coefficient of 11.5 ± 1.1 Å/V. The Ni consumption coefficient was determined to be 7.3 ± 1.5 Å/V. Ni oxidation and passive film growth occurred mostly during the transient period after the applied potential increase but was negligible at the steady state. The electric field strength across the passive film was 8 × 10 6 V/cm. The Pilling-Bedworth ratio of the passive film during potentiostatic growth was close to the value of NiO grown on bulk Ni. This work demonstrated the capability of neutron reflectometry in the study of passive films on metals and alloys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".