Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery: Concepts, Classifications, and Techniques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is with great pleasure that I provide a book review for Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery: Concepts, Classifications, and Techniques, edited by Drs Christine A. Hamori, Paul E. Banwell, and Red Alinsod. The publication of this new resource is timely as we have seen a significant increase in the demand for female cosmetic genital surgery procedures over the past few years. Labiaplasty has been the most commonly performed of these procedures and has become familiar to most plastic surgeons but as public awareness and familiarity have grown, treatments to address concerns with other vulvar structures, including the clitoral hood and labia majora, are becoming more frequently requested. Additionally, procedures to improve sexual satisfaction such as vaginal tightening and G-spot enhancement are also being requested. This book has three parts. Part 1 includes topics to familiarize the reader with the anatomy and classification of female genitalia and delves into the psychological and social aspects that affect women considering these types of procedures. Lastly, a discussion on the informed consent process and medicolegal liability is presented. Part 2 presents operative techniques for modification of the labia minora and majora and clitoral hood. Several of the more common approaches for labia minora reduction are presented and approaches to address both skin laxity and volume loss of the labia majora are discussed. Surgeries to alter the vagina are presented including perineoplasty and vaginoplasty. Hymenoplasty, which is a lesser known surgery, is covered in detail, as well as vulvar lightening. A chapter dealing with complications of female cosmetic genital surgery is included. Examples showing complications as well as strategies to avoid and treat them are presented. Part 3 covers advances and a variety of novel treatments are presented. G-spot and O-spot injections, as well as laser and radiofrequency vaginal rejuvenation are covered in detail. This book couldn’t have been published at a better time. The demand for these procedures has dramatically increased over the past few years and there is a need for a variety of educational resources for plastic surgeons to learn and review the wide array of procedures that are available for their patients. Although many plastic surgeons have become familiar with performing labiaplasty, there is less familiarity with procedures to address the clitoral hood and labia majora and these may be indicated to provide a comprehensive and balanced treatment of the vulvar region - these are covered in a detailed and easy to understand manner in this book. Once a plastic surgeon is familiar with performing vulvar procedures, a natural evolution is to learn procedures to address the vagina, including perineoplasty and vaginoplasty, and this book presents approaches for both that are straightforward to learn and perform. A strength of this book is the significant number of photos and illustrations, as well as the 12 videos that demonstrate most of the procedures. The book includes many photos that depict the vast array of appearances of the female genitalia. Many pre- and postoperative photos are presented, as well as photos that depict operative techniques step by step. There is an e-book to accompany the textbook for ease of access for the reader and the platform is user friendly. Several of the chapters delve into the psychological and social aspects faced by women considering these procedures and these are important to understand for any physician who provides care for women seeking these treatments. This is very comprehensive and takes the reader through the full spectrum of female cosmetic genital surgery. Although many examples of cases are provided, it would have been great include even more case examples of the approaches, including the skin markings for labiaplasty, given the variety of labia minora morphologies that are encountered in practice. At times, it can be challenging to design the resection of the labia minora and clitoral hood in patients with severe enlargement and/or deformity. In summary, Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery: Concepts, Classifications, and Techniques is a valuable resource for both those learning about and practicing female cosmetic genital surgery. Drs Hamori, Banwell, and Alinsod should be congratulated on the timely publication of their new work when interest in this area of aesthetic surgery continues to rapidly increase and the demand for these procedures continues to grow. To purchase: http://www.thieme.com/books-main/plastic- surgery/product/4071-female-cosmetic-genital-surgery Dr. Ahmad receives royalties from Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. The author received no financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".