IMPLEMENTATION OF BILATERAL AGREEMENTS WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION IN CANADA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
International agreements concluded during various historical periods between Canada and the European Union, European communities, as well as acts of domestic law of Canada adopted for the implementation of relevant rules of the international law, are the subject of this research. The aim of the study was to define models for the implementation of bilateral agreements between Canada and the European Union, the forms of their implementation in domestic law, and classification of existing and void agreements. The methodology used in the study includes formal juridical and legal, historical research methods, and the method of comparative law analysis. The author draws the conclusion that Canada concluded bilateral agreements at all stages of the European integration development since the 1959 Treaty between the Government of Canada and the European atomic energy community on cooperation in the peaceful uses of atomic energy and treaties between Canada and the European Economic Community about common and high-quality wheat, concluded in 1962. Currently, there are about 40 bilateral agreements between Canada and the EU (Communities), mainly in the sphere of economic, customs and scientific cooperation, carried out by Canada through “indirect implementation”.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".