A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship of the PON Genes and Alzheimer Disease
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the association of the paraoxonase (PON) gene variants and Alzheimer disease (AD) using meta-analysis. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searching English and Chinese databases extensively. Allele and genotype frequencies for each included study were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of included studies. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. A Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity, and Egger test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies (involving 5 polymorphisms) were included and identified for the current meta-analysis. The NOS scores ranged from 7 to 8, meaning good quality of studies. It was found that the SS genotype of PON2 S311C polymorphism had an significant association with AD in the studied population (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, P = .04), and the A allele of PON1 rs705379 polymorphism was positively related to AD in Caucasian population (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39, P = .009) as well as the GG genotype decreased AD risk significantly in Caucasians (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.56-0.88, P = .002). However, there was no significant relationship between other 3 genetic variants of PON genes (L55 M, Q192 R, and -161C/T of PON1 gene) and AD. CONCLUSION: Existing evidence indicates that the S311C polymorphism (SS genotype) and the rs705379 (the A allele and GG genotype) are associated with risk of AD in studied population. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the present results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it