Positive Modulation of AMPA Receptors Promotes Survival and Proliferation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Adult Rat Spinal Cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a promising strategy to enhance regeneration but is limited by poor survival of grafted cells. Determining methods to enhance survival of NSPCs is therefore essential. Positive modulation of AMPA receptors has been shown to enhance neurogenesis in various models of brain injury. Here we examined the effect of selective AMPA receptor modulation in adult rat spinal cord-derived NSPCs using a class of allosteric AMPA receptor modulators known as ampakines. NSPCs from the periventricular region of the adult rat spinal cord were treated with ampakines CX614 and CX546 for 72 h either alone or in the presence of low-dose glutamate (50 μM). Treatment with either agent in the presence of glutamate significantly increased cell survival and proliferation and reduced cell death. Moreover, ampakine/glutamate treatment reduced cell death in the setting of oxidative stress. Treatment with ampakines did not significantly alter cell phenotype. These findings offer important insight into a potential therapeutic strategy to positively regulate transplanted and endogenous adult spinal cord-derived NSPCs after SCI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".