The Pierre Robin Mandible is Hypoplastic and Morphologically Abnormal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: For Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) patients, there is incomplete characterization of 3D differences and effects of mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) on the mandible compared to normal controls. METHODS: PRS infants who underwent MDO at 2 craniofacial referral centerals with pre- and postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans were identified. A group of age-matched control patients with CTs were identified in the PACS database. Demographic and perioperative data were recorded. Mandibular lengths, angles, and volumes were measured. Morphologic and outcomes data were analyzed in a case-control comparison. RESULTS: Sixty-three CT scans were analyzed. Fifteen pre-op PRS patient and 15 control CTs were well matched in terms of age and sex. Mandibular volume (78%), ramus length (87%), and body length (95%) were all decreased in the PRS patients. Anterior symphyseal angle (84%) was significantly reduced in PRS patients while mandibular angle (102%) was maintained. Eighteen post-op PRS patient and 15 control CTs were well matched in terms of age and gender. Mandibular volumes (106%) were normalized following distraction with shorter mandibular rami (88%) and longer mandibular bodies (109%). Postoperatively, mandibular angle (100%) and anterior symphyseal angle (99%) were ultimately indistinguishable from controls. CONCLUSIONS: The mandible in PRS is dysmorphic compared to age-matched controls. Overall, they have a smaller volume, shorter ramus, and an obtuse symphyseal angle. MDO improves mandibular volume and normalizes the symphyseal angle, but results in a longer mandibular body and shorter mandibular ramus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".