Novel insights into the elm yellows phytoplasma genome and into the metagenome of elm yellows-infected elms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In North America, American elms were historically present throughout the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. The longevity of these trees, their resistance to the harsh urban environment, and their aesthetics led to their wide use in landscaping and streetscaping over several decades. American elms were one of most cultivated plants in the United States until the arrival of Dutch elm disease (DED) and elm yellows disease (EY). EY epidemics have killed large numbers of elm trees in the northeastern United States beginning in the 1940s. Since then, the disease has gradually been spreading to the southern and western regions of the United States while remaining endemic in the Northeast. Today EY, together with DED, is responsible for the death of most of the American species of elm trees, including (Ulmus americana (L.), U. rubra (Muh.), U. alata (Michx.), U. crassifolia (Nutt.) U. serotina (Sarg)) and of some of their natural hybrids (i.e. U. pumila × rubra). We performed next-generation sequencing on EY-infected elm trees to discover EY effector genes involved in plant-phytoplasma interactions and to survey the metagenome of the infected elms. This research is a basic step to understand how EY infection shapes the elm microbial communities and, in the long term, will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EY infection in elm and the interactions between EY and its leafhopper vectors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".