31 Pediatric Pneumoccocal Endocarditis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infectious endocarditis (IE) accounts for less than 1 in 1000 hospital admissions in children. A risk factor such as congenital heart disease, cardiac surgery, trauma from intravascular devices or immunodeficiency exists in 80 to 90 per cent of cases. Infection of normal, native valves is uncommon and usually due to viridans streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus. Remarkably, Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of both primary, community-acquired bacteremia and bacteremic pneumonia in children, is a rare isolate in pediatric endocarditis. Less than 40 cases exist in the past century of English medical literature. In adults, pneumococcal endocarditis has been reported more often but differs in presentation and clinical course from pediatric cases. We report a case of subacute S. pneumoniae endocarditis in an adolescent with no known predisposing factors, review the pediatric literature, and examine implications of current resistance trends on therapeutic decisions. Pneumococcal endocarditis is a distinctive disease: patients typically experience rapidly progressive disease and a disproportionately high mortality rate in comparison to endocarditis due to the more common viridans streptococci. As penicillin resistance spreads worldwide, pneumococcal endocarditis may be re-emerging after its relative disappearance in the post-antibiotic era.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".