Incidence and Outcomes of Endophthalmitis Associated Hospitalizations in Children Aged ≤ 20 Years: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Endophthalmitis is a rare but sight-threatening condition in children, and is most commonly attributable to surgery, endogenous spread of infection, and trauma. Few population-based studies have examined the epidemiology and outcomes of neonatal and pediatric endophthalmitis. Using the 2012 Kids’ Inpatient Database, a stratified random sample of pediatric (≤ 20 years) discharges from community and non-rehabilitation hospitals in the US, we conducted a cohort study to examine the incidence and outcomes of endophthalmitis. The ICD9-CM search codes included 360.0*, 360.13 and 360.19 for endophthalmitis. Our primary outcome was the incidence of endophthalmitis hospitalizations in children. Demographics of sex, age, and race were described. Outcomes of death, length of stay (LOS in days), and total costs were described and compared (with weighting) between neonatal (< 4 weeks) and pediatric cases. A total of 344 hospitalizations (58.1% male, median age 0 years (IQR 0–10 years) occurred for endophthalmitis corresponding to a national total of 478 cases at an incidence rate of 7.2 cases per 100,000 persons. Of these, 50.3% were neonatal endophthalmitis cases. Endophthalmitis was most common in the Caucasian (51.1%), Hispanic (21.9%) and Black (16.6%) races. The overall mortality was not significantly different between pediatric and neonatal cases (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.24 – 8.90). For LOS, neonatal patients with endophthalmitis had a significantly greater LOS by 14.30 days (95% CI 7.97–19.52, P <0.001) compared with pediatric patients. Neonatal cases also had a significantly greater associated cost compared with pediatric cases (difference $77,626, 95% CI $16,703–$138,500, P = 0.01). Our population-based study demonstrated that neonatal endophthalmitis was associated with similar incidence rates and mortality, but greater LOS and health care costs compared with pediatric endophthalmitis. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".