Plant extract AE11 acts as a potent modulator of adipocyte development and function
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Use of herbal formulation to modulate adipocyte development and function has been argued as a potent strategy to tackle alarmingly increasing problem of obesity and associated disease like type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular problems. However, till date no single formulation exists with good efficacy and little side effects. In this study we are investigating the effect of AE11 (6% v/v, nontoxic to 3T3-L1), a plant extract prepared using cold maceration of shade dried leaves of a common flowering plant of Lakhimpur district of Assam, on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and function. AE11 very efficiently decreased lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. To understand the mechanism of such inhibition, we performed gene expression analysis using semi-quantitative PCR for adipogenic master regulator PPAR1 and PPAR2A marked reduction in expression of both of the genes were observed in AE11 treated differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed reduction of the two factors at protein level as well. Not surprisingly PPARdownstream GLUT4, PLN1, FABP4, FAS and LPL mRNA content was also reduced in treated groups. Interestingly mRNA content of the transcription factor GATA2, which is a negative regulator of PPAR expression and is normally downregulated during adipogenesis, found to be very high in the AE11 treated cells. This raised a possibility of GATA2 mediated downregulation of PPAR in AE11 treated groups. GATA3 mRNA content was however not different in treated and untreated groups. mRNA of CCAAT enhancer binding protein (CEBP) which is a positive regulator of PPARexpression was decreased by AE11 exposure to 3T3-L1 cells during differentiation. AE11 targeted the expression of another positive regulator of PPAR expression, SREBP1c. SREBP1c mRNA content was decreased upon AE11 treatment in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. These preliminary results suggest AE11 is an effective modulator of adipocyte development and function by targeting positive and negative regulators of PPAR gene expression. The authors thank Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for providing fellowship and funds to carry out the work.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".