Two sides of time in the leisure experience of youth: Time investment and time perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discover which dimensions and aspects of the leisure experience are more closely related to time invested in leisure activities and to time perspectives (TPs). A sample of 231 young people aged between 18 and 24 years old responded to an adaptation of the Time Budget Technique and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. The results show that a leisure activity may be perceived as more freely carried out or more satisfactory without this experience correlating directly with the time invested in the activity. As far as the TPs are concerned, the present hedonistic correlates with the leisure experience, although there are cases (mass media use) where experience of the present is both hedonistic and fatalistic. Other leisure activities (hobbies and computing) produced a high level of satisfaction and were linked to the past positive and present hedonistic. The results indicate that the experience that accompanies certain leisure activities correlates with different TPs and time investments in these activities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".