42 Parental Stress in the NICU: Parental Self-Report (SRS) Versus Staff Perception of Parental Stress (PS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parents of premature or ill infants must make many complicated medical decisions during a time of emotional distress and in an environment unfamiliar to them. Health care workers in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) must attempt to provide a calm environment and provide parents with relevant medical information at appropriate times. The principles of family centered care requires that professionals acknowledge and respect parental decisions and preferences in the care of their hospitalized child. In order to give information to parents to allow fully informed decision-making, professionals in the NICU must be able to interpret what the parents feel is stressful. Nurses, who spend the most time with the parents during the visits to the NICU, will accurately be able to predict the stress parents are experiencing during the first week of their child's admission to the NICU. We compared the parental self-reported stress levels (SRS) with infants in the NICU to the perceived parental stress levels (PS) as reported by bedside nurses. Informed consent was obtained from the parents and the bedside nurse. Stress levels were determined quantitatively through the administration of a previously validated questionnaire, Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS:NICU), administered simultaneously to parent(s) and to the bedside nurse of infants admitted to a single Level III NICU. The PSS:NICU consists of 36 questions in three domains: Sights and Sounds, Infant Appearance, and Parental Role Alteration. 26 Parent-Nurse pairs were recruited between June 2, 2003 and August 13, 2003. The infants were 35±2.7 weeks gestation and 2794±882 grams birth weight. Parental SRS was significantly lower than PS for both Sights and Sounds 10.8 vs 15.7 (p<0.01) and for Infant Appearance 32.3 vs 39.3 (p=0.06); with a non-significant difference for Parental Role Alteration. Overall, parents reported that the stress they were experiencing in the NICU was significantly less than the nurses perceived they were experiencing (p=0.02). However, as the parental SRS ranking on individual questions increased, the PS agreement was greater. Professionals in the NICU over estimate the stress parents are experiencing with regard to the nursery environment, but not with respect to the alteration in parental role. The information given to parents may therefore focus on the wrong aspects of care and may impede parent's ability to make fully informed decisions regarding their infant's care. Interventions reducing parental stress in the NICU should have a larger focus on the alteration in parental role.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".