149: Temperament Is Associated with Free Play in Young Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that child temperament is associated with sedentary behaviours and obesity in young children, but physical activity (PA) has not been evaluated. Parent-reported outdoor free play correlates with directly measured PA in young children. The primary objective is to determine if Negative Affectivity, a construct of child temperament, is associated with outdoor free play in young children. Secondary objectives are to determine if the constructs of Surgency and Effortful Control are each associated with outdoor free play. Subjects were children <6 years old (n=3784) recruited through TARGet Kids! primary care-based research network. Child temperament was measured by the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire. The primary exposure was Negative Affectivity. The outcome was parent-reported daily outdoor free play (minutes). A linear regression model was performed, adjusting for covariates of age, sex, ethnicity, income, maternal employment, daycare use, presence of siblings, and presence of family rules. Age, sex and family rules were identified a priori as potential interactions, and stratified analysis was planned. Analysis was repeated with Effortful Control and Surgency as exposures. On average, children participated in outdoor free play for 58 min/day. Outdoor free play was significantly associated with Negative Affectivity (P<0.01) and Surgency (P=0.01), but not Effortful Control (P=0.23). Multivariate analysis including interactions revealed that sex had a significant moderating effect; adjusting for covariates, boys, but not girls, with higher Negative Affectivity had reduced outdoor free play. For boys at the lowest and highest quartile of outdoor free play time, with each one-point increase in Negative Affectivity, free play was reduced by 3.5 min/day (95% CI 1.8 to 5.2 min/day), and 6.2 min/day (95% CI 3.1 to 9.4 min/day), respectively. For Surgency, age had a significant moderating effect. Adjusting for covariates, children older than two years with higher Surgency had increased outdoor free play; for the lowest and highest quartile of free play, with each 1-point increase in Surgency, free play increased by 3.1 min/day (95% CI 0.9 to 5.3 min/day), and 4.5 min/day (95% CI 1.3 to 7.8 min/day), respectively. There was no association found for children less than two years old. Negative Affectivity and Surgency are temperaments shown to be associated with outdoor free play in young children. This information may help in the development of effective interventions to promote PA in this age group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".