184: Measuring Anxiety in Children: Agreement Between the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Other Anxiety Scales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although long to administer, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is the gold standard to measure anxiety in children. To evaluate the agreement between the STAI and other anxiety scales (a visual analog scale [VAS], a likert scale, and a new Faces Anxiety Scale [FAS]), to determine whether these shorter scales could replace the STAI. This was a prospective cohort study on a convenience sample of French-speaking children, aged nine to 17 years, presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED). We excluded patients with drug intoxication, altered level of consciousness, decreased visual acuity, clinically unstable status, requiring admission to the intensive care unit, or with developmental delay. Patients were divided into two groups: pre-teens (PT) (aged nine to 12 years) completed the pediatric STAI; and teens (T) (aged 13 to 17 years) completed the adult STAI. Participants also completed a VAS (0 to 100 mm), a Likert scale (1 to 5), and the FAS (1 to 5). All scales were administered in random orders, twice during the ED visit, to assess anxiety states and traits. Intra-class correlation (ICC) (two way-mixed model, average measures) was used to evaluate agreement between the STAI and other scales. A sample size of 100 patients per group was estimated as sufficient. Between January 2012 and September 2013, 215 and 268 patients in the PT and T groups, respectively, were approached to obtain 100 participants in each group. The median (IQR) STAI state anxiety scores were 33 (28.25 to 36.75) and 37.5 (32 to 44), in the PT and T groups, respectively. The median (IQR) STAI trait anxiety scores were 33.5 (28 to 38.75) and 36 (31 to 44), in the PT and T groups, respectively. ICCs are presented in the table. There appears to be poor agreement between the STAI and other scales designed to measure anxiety in children nine to 17 years of age presenting to the ED. These scales cannot be used to measure anxiety until they are as well validated as the STAI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".