195: Caffeinated Products as Ergogenic AIDS Among Sport-Practicing Adolescents: Top of the Chart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the past decades, caffeinated products (CP) use, among which energy drinks are at the forefront, has known a lighting growth among youths. With established yet limited potential effects on specific physical tasks, these products, as others, may appeal to adolescents looking for a way to increase their sport performance. Sparse data exist on the use of ergogenic substances among youths and how CP may now not be limited to a subset of athletes. To evaluate the relative importance of CP consumption at ergogenic purpose, among other substances, and to explore its possible determinants among sport-practicing adolescents (SA). Using data issued from a wider cross-sectional study based on a representative sample of adolescents aged 16–20 years in the French-speaking part of Switzerland (2009–10), 894 SA were asked over a list of 24 items which substances they had used in the past 12 months in order to enhance their sport performance. Age, gender, socioeconomic level (high/other), presence of chronic condition (y/n), type of sport involvement (competitive/leisure), weekly hours devoted to sports (≤3.5, 3.6–10.5, 10.6–17.5, >17.5), and nature of their principal sport practice (endurance/other) were inquired and viewed as possible determinants of ergogenic substance use. In addition to descriptive statistics on ergogenic substance use, significant variables (P<0.05) at the bivariate level between CP use and its possible determinants were subsequently included in a multivariate logistic regression (results given as Adjusted Odds Ratio: AOR [95% CI]). 73.4% of SA reported the use of at least one substance to increase their sport performance in the past year. CP were the most commonly used substances cited (55.1%), followed by sports drinks (50.8%), vitamins (25.4%), analgesics (11.2%), and protein-based products (10.2%). At the bivariate level, older participants, males, SA without chronic condition and those devoting more time to sports showed a higher rate of CP use. Only males (AOR=1.63 [1.24–2.15]) and SA without chronic condition (AOR=2.22 [1.36–3.61]) remained significant determinants of CP use in the multivariate analysis. CP have now reached the top of the chart of ergogenic substances used by SA in French-speaking Switzerland, an observation that remains to be established in other parts of the world. Describing that some youths use CP at ergogenic purpose in a higher proportion, regardless of the type, nature and intensity of their sport practice, should make us ponder the importance of performance for certain subgroups and question how this behaviour has now become mainstream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".