Bibliographic record
Abstract
1. Melissa Kimber, PhD, MSW, RSW* 2. Harriet L. MacMillan, CM, MD, MSc, FRCPC* <!-- --> 1. *McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada 1. 1. Glaser D How to Deal with Emotional Abuse and Neglect: Further Development of a Conceptual Framework (FRAMEA). Glaser D. Child Abuse Neglect. 2011;35(10):866–875 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] 2. 1. Hart SN, 2. Brassard MR, 3. Binggeli NJ, 4. Davidson HA <!-- --> 1. Myers JEB, 2. Berliner JN, 3. Briere J, 4. et al. Psychological Maltreatment. Hart SN, Brassard MR, Binggeli NJ, Davidson HA. In: The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment. Myers JEB, Berliner JN, Briere J, et al., eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2002:79–104 3. 1. Hibbard R, 2. Barlow J, 3. MacMillan H, 4. et al Psychological Maltreatment. Hibbard R, Barlow J, MacMillan H, et al. Pediatrics. 2012;130(2):372–378 [OpenUrl][4][Abstract/FREE Full Text][5] 4. 1. MacMillan HL, 2. Wathen CN, 3. Barlow J, 4. et al Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment and Associated Impairment. MacMillan HL, Wathen CN, Barlow J, et al. Lancet. 2009;373(9659):250–266 [OpenUrl][6][CrossRef][7][PubMed][8][Web of Science][9] 5. 1. Rees CA Understanding Emotional Abuse. Rees CA. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(1):59–67. [OpenUrl][10][Abstract/FREE Full Text][11] 6. 1. Stoltenborgh M, 2. Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, 3. Alink LRA, 4. van IJzendoorn MH The Prevalence of Child Maltreatment Across the Globe: Review of a Series of Meta-analyses. Stoltenborgh M, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Alink LRA, van IJzendoorn MH. Child Abuse Rev. 2015;24(1):37–50 [OpenUrl][12] 7. 1. Wolfe DA, 2. McIsaac C Distinguishing Between Poor/Dysfunctional Parenting and Child Emotional Maltreatment. Wolfe DA, McIsaac C. Child Abuse Neglect. 2011;35(10):802–813 [OpenUrl][13][CrossRef][14][PubMed][15] Considered synonymous, child emotional and psychological abuse (hereafter referred to as psychological abuse ) is a type of maltreatment that can be difficult for clinicians to detect and assess. Increasingly thought to be the most prevalent form of child maltreatment, psychological abuse involves nonphysical interactions by a caregiver toward a child, including acts of commission that place a child at risk for emotional harm. Pertinent issues for pediatricians include its prevalence, its determinants and risk factors, its negative short- and long-term outcomes, how to assess psychological abuse, and how to collaborate with child protection agencies. Psychological abuse is arguably the most poorly understood form of child maltreatment; compared with physical and sexual abuse, much less is known about its presentation, causes, consequences, prevention, and treatment. For the pediatrician, a key part of identifying psychological abuse is being attuned to interactions between children and their caregivers. Psychological abuse of a child or adolescent often manifests as a repeated pattern of behavior, but it can also involve a single incident. Examples of psychologically abusive behavior by caregivers include spurning (eg, ridiculing or humiliating), terrorizing (eg, threatening violence against a child or a child’s … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DChild%2Babuse%2B%2526%2Bneglect%26rft.stitle%253DChild%2BAbuse%2BNegl%26rft.aulast%253DGlaser%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%26rft.volume%253D35%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D866%26rft.epage%253D875%26rft.atitle%253DHow%2Bto%2Bdeal%2Bwith%2Bemotional%2Babuse%2Band%2Bneglect%253A%2Bfurther%2Bdevelopment%2Bof%2Ba%2Bconceptual%2Bframework%2B%2528FRAMEA%2529.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.chiabu.2011.08.002%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22014553%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.08.002&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22014553&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F38%2F10%2F496.atom [4]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2012-1552%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22848125%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [5]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=130/2/372&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F38%2F10%2F496.atom [6]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DMacmillan%26rft.auinit1%253DH.%2BL.%26rft.volume%253D373%26rft.issue%253D9659%26rft.spage%253D250%26rft.epage%253D266%26rft.atitle%253DInterventions%2Bto%2Bprevent%2Bchild%2Bmaltreatment%2Band%2Bassociated%2Bimpairment.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252808%252961708-0%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F19056113%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61708-0&link_type=DOI [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=19056113&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F38%2F10%2F496.atom [9]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000262537500028&link_type=ISI [10]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BDisease%2Bin%2BChildhood%26rft.stitle%253DArch.%2BDis.%2BChild.%26rft.aulast%253DRees%26rft.auinit1%253DC%2BA%26rft.volume%253D95%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D59%26rft.epage%253D67%26rft.atitle%253DUnderstanding%2Bemotional%2Babuse%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fadc.2008.143156%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20040686%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [11]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=archdischild&resid=95/1/59&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F38%2F10%2F496.atom [12]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DChild%2BAbuse%2BRev%26rft.volume%253D24%26rft.spage%253D37%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [13]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DChild%2Babuse%2B%2526%2Bneglect%26rft.stitle%253DChild%2BAbuse%2BNegl%26rft.aulast%253DWolfe%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BA.%26rft.volume%253D35%26rft.issue%253D10%26rft.spage%253D802%26rft.epage%253D813%26rft.atitle%253DDistinguishing%2Bbetween%2Bpoor%252Fdysfunctional%2Bparenting%2Band%2Bchild%2Bemotional%2Bmaltreatment.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.chiabu.2010.12.009%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F22015202%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [14]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.12.009&link_type=DOI [15]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=22015202&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F38%2F10%2F496.atom
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.204 | 0.057 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".