52 Describing Characteristics Typical to Adolescents with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): A Pilot Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is a serious physical and neuro-developmental disorder. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder includes the full Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS (PFAS), Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND) and Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD). The terms PFAS and ARND are used to describe cases of lesser severity in terms of cognitive function and organ anomalies, but often with very serious evidence of neurotoxicity. While past research describes the typical profile of the child with FASD, there is a paucity of literature that describes characteristics specific to adolescents. To describe the typical characteristics of FASD that present in adolescents. Research Design: A prospective cohort research design was used. Sample and Setting: Participants 13 to 18 years old, referred to St. Michael's Hospital (SMH), Toronto, FASD diagnostic clinic since November 2002 (n=12). Data Collection: A 13 page intake and diagnostic form, and a detailed physical examination and history were used to collect data on prenatal alcohol history, school and/or work history, behavioral problems, neuro-psychological profile, FAS facial features, physical health, and growth of each of the participants. Data Analysis: Content analysis of the data obtained in the intake form and the written physical examination was conducted. Twelve adolescents ages 13 to 18 years old (mean=15.2 years) participated in the pilot study. All of the participants had a significant history of prenatal alcohol exposure although none had been diagnosed with FAS or other alcohol related disorders prior to entering the SMH diagnostic clinic. One adolescent (8.3%) had full Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and 11 (91.7%) had alcohol-related neuro-developmental disorder. Five (42%) of the participants had some facial features, and one (8.3%) had growth –height, weight, and head circumference – below the 3rd percentile. Six (50%) of the adolescents had IQs less than 80. Of those in school (67%), keeping up with age appropriate peers was an ongoing challenge because of problems in memory and attention, and motivation. All of the participants had significant behavioral problems including aggressiveness, lying, stealing, alcohol and drug abuse, or risk taking behaviours. This study highlights the importance of taking a perinatal alcohol history in adolescents with major developmental, behavioral or mental health problems. The results of this pilot study also support implementation of a Canadian-wide study of adolescents referred to FASD diagnostic clinics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".