32: Age-Based Risk Factors for Cheerleading Injuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cheerleading has gradually become more important in Canada and represents an accessible way for youth to be physically active. To determine the differences in the injuries encountered by cheerleaders according to their age, in order to propose safety guidelines taking into account the developmental stages of children. Retrospective database review of cheerleading injuries extracted from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) database between 1990 and 2010. The injuries were compared by age group (5–9; 10–14; 15–19; 20 and over) according to their gender, mechanism, body part injured, nature and gravity. Overall, in 20 years, there were 1496 cases of injuries documented secondary to cheerleading (Median age 15, 4 (IQR=2, 2) years; The number of injuries reported increased by roughly 200% between 1990 and 2010. 1410 females [94%]). 2% of cases were 5-9 years old (Age Group-AG- 1), 40% were 10-14 (AG 2), 52% were 15-19 (AG 3) and 6% were 20 and over (AG 4). In AG 1, 2, and 3, girls were predominant while the gender ratio was close to 1:1 in AG 4. In AG1, injuries mainly occurred through tumbling while in the other groups stunts and projection skills were the ones involved. In all age groups, the upper limbs were the most injured, followed by the head and neck, and the lower limbs. Fractures were predominant in AG 1 (37%) and 2 (22%). However, sprains/strains were the most common injuries in AG 2, 3 and 4 with 29, 28, and 25% respectively. In all age groups, the injuries were in majority minor (requiring no follow-up). However, individuals in AG1 had a higher proportion of moderate (43%-requiring follow-up and treatment) and severe (3%-requiring admission and specific treatment) injuries. No fatalities were reported. Children's developmental stages affect their ability to participate in sports and the responses of their bodies to impact forces. Our findings concerning cheerleading injuries seem to indicate that younger children (5–9 years old) are more likely to suffer moderate to severe injuries. Thus, on a local basis the use of appropriate safety measures including safety mats, and spotters to catch falling athletes should be mandatory. On a national basis, Canadian Legislation should be emitted to standardize the approach to security in the practice of Cheerleading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".