Unconventional Completions Optimization in the Upper and the Lower Montney Formations, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Montney Formation which stretches from Alberta to British Columbia is one of the largest unconventional gas resources in North America. Production from the Montney Formation comes primarily from the Upper Montney and Lower Montney Formations which vary both from reservoir quality and geomechanical perspectives. Historically, completion and stimulation optimization fell into two distinct categories (1) field observation supported by reservoir and fracture simulation or (2) statistical analysis. Few, if any, statistical studies on optimizing unconventional completions and fracture stimulation combined information from the statistical analysis with that of the simulation. This paper does just that for the Montney Formation by comparing and contrasting the Upper and the Lower Montney completions and fracture stimulation statistical results with a reservoir and fracture simulation study to better understand key drivers for successful stimulation of multiple fractured horizontal wells. Previous work (Mohammed et al. 2016) documented the statistical analysis of 296 cased-hole horizontal gas wells' completions in the Upper and the Lower Montney Formation. The study showed the effect of cased-hole completion and stimulation parameters on gas production performance in both the Upper and the Lower Montney Formations. In this paper, previous statistical results were extended by adding hydraulic fracture modeling using 3D finite element simulator. The results from the statistical analysis and hydraulic fracture modeling were compared on a set of parameters such as the effect of the number of clusters per stage (1-to-5), changes in proppant mass (50% decrease or increase) and treatment volumes. The results also show the effect of cluster spacing and proppant type on fracture dimensions and production performance within the Upper and the Lower Montney Formation. This study investigated fracture performance to find the best fracturing practices for the Upper and the Lower Montney. This wok benefits the industry by: Providing a solid simulation study of horizontal gas wells with cased-hole completion, which compared fracture performance for the Upper and the Lower Montney Formation.Providing comparison of multiple fractured horizontal wells' performance in the Upper and the Lower Montney Formation based on the number of clusters per stage and treatment volume.Identifying factors that affect cased-hole completions and stimulation performance in the Upper and the Lower Montney Formation.By conducting fracture cluster optimization study to determine the effect of the number of clusters, cluster spacing and proppant type on fracture dimensions and well performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".