An Area-Efficient 8-Bit Single-Ended ADC With Extended Input Voltage Range
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This brief presents an 8-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implemented within a system-on-chip (SoC) for autonomous flapping-wing microrobots. The ADC implements hybrid split-capacitor sub-digital-to-analog converter (DAC) techniques to achieve 35.72% improvement in a capacitor bank energy-area product. The device also implements an extended single-ended input voltage range allowing a direct connection to sensors while maintaining low-power operation. This technique allows 51.7% DAC switching energy reduction compared to the state of the art. The SoC, fabricated in 40-nm CMOS, includes four parallel 0.001 mm21 MS/s ADC cores multiplexed across 13 input ports. It enables 0 to 1.8-V input range while operating off of a 0.9 V supply. At 1 MS/s, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 45.6 dB for a 1.6-Vppinput signal and consumes 10.4 μW.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".