60 Correlation of Carbon Dioxide Levels as Measured by Arterial, Transcutaneous and End Tidal Methods in Preterm Infants <28 Weeks Gestation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arterial blood gas remains to be the gold standard in assessing the adequacy of ventilation. Noninvasive monitoring methods are shown to be useful in adults and pediatric patients. They are technically simple and cost effective, but their accuracy in the preterm infants 28 weeks gestational age (GA) at birth is not established. To determine the correlation of arterial, transcutaneous and end tidal carbon dioxide values in preterm infants <28 weeks GA in the first 24 hours after birth. Preterm infants <28 weeks GA who required mechanical ventilation at birth were prospectively studied. Infants with structural cardiopulmonary disorders, who required high frequency ventilation and who received sodium bicarbonate infusion were excluded. Arterial CO2 (PaCO2) values were compared simultaneously with end tidal CO2 (EtCO2) and transcutaneous CO2 (TcPCO2) values measured within the first four hours, at 12 and at 24 hours after birth. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Bland-Altman analysis was done to assess the degree of bias and precision. Twenty five patients completed the study. The mean (SD) GA was 26.3 (1.0) weeks and birth weight was of 884 (139) grams. There were 16 male infants. All infants had respiratory distress syndrome. The ICC for the TcPCO2 at 4, 12 and 24 hrs were 0.51, 0.73 and 0.50 respectively. The ICC for the EtCO2 at 4, 12 and 24 hrs were 0.62, 0.56 and 0.56 respectively. The mean differences (bias) and SD of the differences (precision) in the readings at three time points are shown in Table 1. Carbon dioxide measurements at three time points Measurement Mean Difference (SD) from PaCO2 There was moderate correlation between both nonin-vasive methods and PaCO2. However, there was wide variation in the noninvasive CO2 values in individual patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".