143: The Association Between Total Duration of Breastfeeding and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Breastfed infants are at increased risk for developing vitamin D deficiency and rickets due to minimal vitamin D in breast milk. While previous research supports the association between exclusive breast-feeding and vitamin D deficiency, little is known about the effect of total duration of breastfeeding, which includes both the periods of exclusive breastfeeding and after the introduction of complementary foods, on vitamin D status. To determine whether total duration of breastfeeding is associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in early childhood and to explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the relationship between total duration of breastfeeding and vitamin D status. A cross-sectional study of healthy children seen for primary health care between September 2011 and August 2013 was conducted through the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network. Adjusted linear regression was used to determine the association between total duration of breastfeeding and serum 25-OHD and to explore the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Adjusted logistic regression was used to assess the probability of 25-OHD <20 ng/mL in supplemented vs. non-supplemented children. An association that was modified by vitamin D supplementation was identified between total duration of breastfeeding and serum 25-OHD (P=0.0251). Every one month increase in total duration of breastfeeding was associated with a 0.11 ng/mL lower median serum 25-OHD level (95% CI −0.20, −0.02 ng/mL) among children who were not supplemented. The odds of serum 25-OHD <20 ng/mL increased by 6% with every one month increase in total duration of breastfeeding among children who were not supplemented (OR=1.06, 95% CI 1.03, 1.10). There was no statistically significant association between total duration of breastfeeding and 25-OHD among children who did receive vitamin D supplementation (P=0.43). Breastfed children who do not receive vitamin D supplementation beyond the first year of life may be at an increased risk of inadequate vitamin D status. Vitamin D supplementation appears to mitigate this risk. These findings support the use of vitamin D supplementation during breastfeeding of any type and duration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".