169: Knowledge of Childhood Development and Parenting Confidence of Mothers with Young Children Who Have Special Health Care Needs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Young children with special health care needs (SHCN) have unique developmental challenges and require intensive parenting to reach their potential. Mothers are often the primary caregiver and interventions have aimed at increasing their knowledge of early childhood development. Previous research in high-risk populations has found that the combination of high maternal knowledge of childhood development combined with high maternal confidence correlates with competent parenting. Low knowledge combined with high confidence is felt to be more detrimental than low knowledge and low confidence. To compare the knowledge and confidence levels of mothers with young children (<=6 years) who have SHCN to mothers with young children who do not have SHCN. A telephone survey of 1452 randomly selected adults included questions regarding knowledge of early childhood development and parenting confidence. A total of 320 respondents were mothers of children 6 years of age or younger; 46 had at least one child with a SHCN and 274 did not have a child with a SHCN. High maternal knowledge was defined as answering correctly at least 50% of the questions in at least two of four developmental domains (physical, cognitive, emotional and social). High confidence were those who selected “strongly agree” at the top end of a 7-point Likert scale. Between-group comparisons were analyzed using a t-test for binomial proportions (P<0.05). About 70% of mothers in each group were found to have low knowledge. Mothers of children with SHCN were more likely to indicate high parenting confidence (54%) than mothers of children without SHCN (33%). Based on knowledge and confidence level mothers were assigned to one of four groups. A significantly greater proportion of mothers of children with SHCN had low knowledge/high confidence than mothers of children without SHCN (P=0.03). A greater proportion of mothers of young children with SHCN fall into the category of low knowledge and high confidence. This combination may have a negative effect on parenting success. Further research is required to determine why this combination is more prevalent among mothers of children with SHCN, and how future interventions might more effectively support parents of children with SHCN.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".