A 4 V Na<sup>+</sup> Intercalation Material in a New Na‐Ion Cathode Family
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Large‐scale electrochemical energy storage is a critical factor in the development of renewable energy sources to enable their intermittent power to become dispatchable. In this context, Na‐ion batteries are seen as promising alternatives to Li‐ion batteries, but their advancement requires the discovery of new materials, their electrochemical properties, and a better understanding of structure–property relationships that underpin the electrochemistry. This study presents a new class of Na + insertion materials for Na‐ion batteries. By virtue of its moderately inductive polyanionic framework, the air and moisture stable selenite Na 2 Co 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 displays a highly suitable redox potential of ≈ 4 V versus Na/Na + based on the Co 2+ /Co 3+ couple, rendering it compatible with conventional liquid organic electrolytes. A microwave hydrothermal synthesis route is developed for the rapid synthesis of nanostructured Na 2 Co 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 and its conductive graphene oxide composite. The electrochemistry and structural evolution of Na 2 Co 2 (SeO 3 ) 3 determined on cycling the cathode in a Na battery was investigated by operando X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements. These studies reveal good structural and electrochemical reversibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".