Control of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) in corn, soybean, and winter wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Herbicide options are limited for the control of wild carrot in field crops in Ontario. This study, which comprised 25 field trials: 9 in corn [4 preemergence (PRE) and 5 postemergence (POST) herbicide trials], 8 in soybean [3 preplant (PP) and 5 POST herbicide trials], and 8 in winter wheat (8 POST herbicides trials), was completed to determine the most efficacious herbicides for the control of wild carrot in these crops. There was no significant visible injury in corn, soybean, and winter wheat with the herbicides evaluated. Atrazine, dicamba, dicamba/atrazine, isoxaflutole + atrazine, mesotrione + atrazine, saflufenacil, and saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P applied PRE provided inadequate (39%–75%) control of wild carrot in corn. Prosulfuron + dicamba applied POST at 10 + 140 g a.i. ha−1 controlled wild carrot 93%–97%, with density and biomass similar to the weed-free control in corn. Among the PP herbicides evaluated in soybean, only glyphosate (2700 g a.i. ha−1) and glyphosate + imazethapyr (900 + 100 g a.i. ha−1) controlled wild carrot >80%. None of the POST herbicides evaluated in soybean provided adequate control of wild carrot. In winter wheat, prosulfuron + bromoxynil (10 + 140 g a.i. ha−1) controlled wild carrot 83%–86% compared with other herbicides, which controlled wild carrot 21%–73%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".