Biofilm-based photobioreactors: their design and improving productivity through efficient supply of dissolved inorganic carbon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential of biofilm-based photobioreactors (PBRs) for various applications has long been recognized, and various types of biofilm-based PBRs have been developed for different applications. Compared to suspension-based PBR reactors, biofilm-based systems offer several advantages, including a significantly higher biomass concentration. However, due to the immobilization of the cells, in contrast to suspension-based systems, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) has to be transferred into the biofilm for consumption. Thus, to ensure efficient operation of these systems under a given lighting scheme (e.g. depending on geographical location), availability of DIC should be optimized. To achieve this, the dynamics of DIC inside the various biofilm-based PBRs, as well as the operational principles of these PBRs, need to be understood. The mini-review summarizes the designs of existing biofilm-based PBRs and reviews previous studies on DIC dynamics in various biofilms. Strategies to enhance DIC availability for the immobilized cells in biofilm-based PBRs are also discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".