Disentangling intracycle interferences in the photoelectron spectrum of argon using orthogonally polarized, two-colour laser pulses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In recent years, the widespread availability of multi-dimensional photoelectron spectroscopy has created the opportunity to systematically study the complex interference patterns inherent to multiphoton ionization of atoms and molecules. The dominant interference mechanism in multiphoton ionization leads to discrete peaks in the photoelectron spectrum (PES) that are spaced by the photon energy of the driving laser field. This mechanism is called above-threshold ionization (ATI) and has its origin in the coherence of ionization events repeating at every oscillation of the optical field [1]. However, many more interference mechanisms contribute to the observed photoelectron spectrum. Specifically, photoelectrons emitted within one cycle of the optical field can also interfere on the detector. These interferences from photoelectrons originating in adjacent quarter-cycles of the optical field are also known as the temporal double slit (e.g., [1]). In addition, scattering of the photoelectron on the parent ion potential will give rise to holographic interferences [2], and laser induced electron diffraction [3].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".