The hooded mutant of <i>Lathyrus odoratus</i> (Fabaceae) is associated with a <i>cycloidea</i> gene mutation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hooded (hdd) floral mutant of Lathyrus odoratus L. (sweet pea) has a concave standard petal compared with the flat standard petal of the wild type. This trait was used by Bateson, Punnett, and Saunders in early studies of Mendelian inheritance (c.1905). Here we provide four lines of evidence that this phenotype results from a mutation in the CYCLOIDEA2 (CYC2) gene. (i) CYC2 is expressed in the standard petals of wild-type L. odoratus, whereas the same methods fail to detect expression in hdd plants. (ii) Genomic sequencing reveals that the CYC2 gene sequence of hdd plants is truncated at the TCP box and likely nonfunctional. (iii) In a population of 118 plants, the hdd phenotype cosegregated with the mutant allele of CYC2 without exception. (iv) CYC2 is known to act as a dorsal petal identity gene. Consistent with this, the standard petal in hdd flowers has the epidermal and pigment characteristics of wing petals, indicating that the hdd mutation results in a shift in dorsiventral petal-type identity. We conclude that the mutation in CYC2 is responsible for the hdd phenotype, and is therefore the L. odoratus equivalent of the lobed standard (lst1) mutant in Pisum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".