Determination of Distribution Equilibrium-Potential Differences Based on Extraction with Several Crown Ethers by Nitrobenzene, 1,2-Dichloroethane and Dichloromethane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extraction constants (Kex± & Kex) were determined at 298 K for the extraction of sodium picrate (NaPic) by nitrobenzene (NB), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and dichloromethane using 3m-crown-m ethers and their benzo-derivatives (m = 5, 6; abbreviated as L) together with the determination of conditional distribution constants (KD,Pic) of picrate ion, Pic-, into these diluents. The K1,org (= [NaLPic]org/[NaL+]org[Pic-]org) values at the organic (org) phases, such as NB & DCE, were calculated from the relation Kex/Kex± = K1,org. Distribution equilibrium-potential differences (Dfeq) at extraction equilibria were evaluated from the equation Dfeq = -0.05916´(log KD,Pic - constant) at 298 K. Correlations of the above equilibrium constants, particularly Kex±, with Dfeq were examined. Furthermore, the standard formal potentials for Na+ transfers across the interfaces were briefly evaluated from calculated Dfeq, [Na+] and [Pic-]org. The above extraction systems were characterized by K1,org and the complex formation constants of Na+ with L in the org phases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".