Effects of canagliflozin versus glimepiride on adipokines, inflammatory biomarkers, and chemokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background:The aim of the study is to clinically assess cardiovascular autonomic function tests in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare those with healthy normal subjects.Objectives: The study included 30 type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects matched for age and gender.Autonomic function tests as given by Ewing were performed on all subjects to assess the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous activity.These tests include heart rate response to deep breathing, valsalva ratio, 30:15 ratio for parasympathetic activity, and blood pressure response to standing and sustained handgrip for sympathetic activity.Statistical analysis of the data was done using unpaired 't' test.Statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results:The results of our study show impairment of cardiovascular autonomic function tests in type 2 diabetic patients.There was statistically significant impairment in heart rate response to deep breathing (p < 0.05), valsalva ratio (p < 0.05), 30:15 ratio (p < 0.05).There was decrease in blood pressure response to sustained handgrip type 2 diabetic patients. Conclusion:We conclude that there is involvement of both cardiovascular sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.So, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients should be evaluated for presence of autonomic dysfunction as early as possible to prevent complications and to improve the prognosis of the disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".