Abdurrahman Wahid on the Public Role of Islam and Theory of Secularization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a cleric, Abdurrahman Wahid, the former president of Indonesia, was well versed with both the Islamic and the West civilization. Accordingly, he tried to synergize Islam with the development of modern era. In line with this, he tried to modify the theory of secularization to suit with the context of Indonesia in which Islam constitutes one of the major social political forces. The contextualization of Islam was not something new for the Muslims in their efforts to adjust to social system, including its political system. For that purpose Wahid employed the fiqh paradigm which is not ideological to the form of the state. In line with this he developed a mutual legitimacy between Islam and the Pancasila state that both should develop democracy as basic principle of modern state as well as the manifestation of the principles of syuro at modern era. In this regard, democracy constitutes an overlapping consensus between the state and the religion. Wahid considered it as substantive Syari’ah, as contrary to the legal formal Syari’ah. In line with this, religious communities take on a role in civil society which would provide checks and balances to the state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".