Genetic Diversity of Isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina Associated with Cowpea from Brazil Semi-Arid Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cowpea crops have the highest social and economic relevance to Brazil, being the food base of families mainly in the semi-arid areas of the country. Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an economically important disease of cowpea that can cause significant reductions in bean yield. This study aimed to access the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina isolates obtained from cowpea grown in the Pernambuco semi-arid region, by molecular analysis. Fifty-one isolates, collected from municipality of Belém do São Francisco from cowpea plants and displaying typical symptoms and signs of charcoal rot, were studied using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates clearly differentiate into two groups. The group 1 comprises the majority of isolates and the group 2 contains two isolates, isol46 and isol47. The highest similarity index (0.9) was observed between the isolates isol22 and isol35 and the lowest similarity index (0.2) was observed between isol37 and isol46 isolates. Our results revealed that the ISSR-PCR fingerprinting patterns were useful for differentiating M. phaseolina isolates from V. unguiculata plants sampled. Therefore, genetic characterization of this fungus is of importance for the effective disease management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".