Intensifying Functional Task Practice to Meet Aerobic Training Guidelines in Stroke Survivors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: to determine whether stroke survivors could maintain workloads during functional task practice that can reach moderate levels of cardiometabolic stress (i.e. ≥ 40% oxygen uptake reserve (V̇O2R) for ≥ 20 min) without the use of ergometer-based exercise. Design: cross-sectional study using convenience sampling Setting: research laboratory in a tertiary rehabilitation hospital Participants: chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors (>6-months) who could provide consent and walk with or without assistance Intervention: a single bout of intermittent functional training (IFT). The IFT protocol lasted 30 min and involved performing impairment specific multi-joint task-oriented movements structured into circuits lasting approximately 3 min and allowing 30-45 sec recovery between circuits. The aim was to achieve an average heart rate (HR) 30-50 beats above resting without using traditional ergometer-based aerobic exercise. Outcome measures: attainment of indicators for moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2), and HR were recorded throughout the 30 min IFT protocol. Values were reported as percentage of V̇O2R, HR reserve (HRR) and HRR calculated from predicted maximum HR (HRRpred), which were determined from a prior maximal graded exercise test. Results: Ten (3-female) chronic (38±33 months) stroke survivors (70% ischemic) with significant residual impairments (NIHSS: 3±2) and a high prevalence of comorbid conditions (80% ≥1) participated. IFT significantly increased all measures of exercise intensity compared to resting levels: V̇O2 (∆ 820 ± 290 ml min-1, p<0.001), HR (∆ 42 ± 14 bpm, p<0.001), and energy expenditure (EE; ∆ 4.0 ± 1.4 kcal min-1, p<0.001). Also, mean values for percentage of V̇O2R (62±19), HRR (55±14), and HRRpred (52±18) were significantly higher than the minimum threshold (40%) indicating achievement of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (p= 0.004, 0.016, and 0.043, respectively). Conclusion: Sufficient workloads to achieve moderate levels of cardiometabolic stress can be maintained in chronic stroke survivors using impairment-focused functional movements that are not dependent on ergometers or other specialized equipment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".