Application of quantitative X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) imaging: investigation of Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloys exposed to crevice corrosion solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper explores quantitative X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy imaging on three different Ni‐Cr‐Mo Hastelloy® alloys (BC‐1, C‐22 and G‐30) with differing Cr and Mo contents. The alloys were subjected to a simulated critical crevice corrosion solution. Ni‐based alloys have been shown to exhibit excellent resistance to a range of corrosive media due to the formation of an inert oxide layer, primarily containing Cr and Mo. However, these alloys may rapidly corrode in the crevice environment produced by seams, gaskets or deposits of debris on the alloy surface. Understanding how the oxide film is influenced by the Cr and Mo content is crucial in determining an optimal alloy composition that reduces or suppresses the possibility of crevice corrosion. The protective oxide films are very thin in nature, generally several nanometers. XPS imaging was used to monitor changes in oxide film composition and to correlate the distribution of Cr and Mo to the grain structure of the alloys. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".