Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria <i>Bacillus</i> <i>subtilis</i> RR4 isolated from rice rhizosphere induces malic acid biosynthesis in rice roots
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Malic acid (MA), one of the major organic acid exudates from roots, plays a significant role in the chemotaxis of beneficial bacteria to the plant's rhizosphere. In this study, the effect of a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Bacillus subtilis RR4, on the synthesis and exudation of MA from roots is demonstrated in rice. To test the chemotactic ability of strain RR4 towards MA, a capillary chemotaxis assay was performed, which revealed a positive response (relative chemotactic ratio of 6.15 with 10 μmol/L MA); with increasing concentrations of MA, an elevated chemotactic response was observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, performed to analyze the influence of RR4 on the MA biosynthetic gene, malate synthase (OsMS), and the transporter gene, aluminium-activated malate transporter (OsALMT), demonstrated significant differential expression, with 1.8- and -0.58-fold changes, respectively, in RR4-treated roots. The gene expression pattern of OsMS corroborated the data obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography, which showed elevated MA levels in roots (1.52-fold), whereas the levels of MA in root exudates were not altered significantly although expression of OsALMT was reduced. Our results demonstrate that B. subtilis RR4 is chemotactic to MA and can induce biosynthesis of MA in rice roots.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".