A Natureza Jurídica do Acordo Económico e Comercial Global (CETA) (The Legal Nature of the CETA Agreement)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Portuguese Abstract: O Acordo Economico e Comercial Global (CETA) e um acordo de comercio bilateral de “ultima geracao” que foi assinado a 30 de outubro de 2016 entre o Canada, por um lado, e a Uniao Europeia e os Estados-Membros, por outro. A Comissao Europeia cedeu a pressao dos Estados-Membros ao qualificar o CETA como um “acordo misto” e nao como um “acordo exclusivamente europeu”. A “guardia dos Tratados” nao possui qualquer margem de discricionariedade na escolha da forma de aprovacao do CETA, uma vez que esta e uma questao constitucional relativa a reparticao de competencias entre a Uniao e os Estados-Membros. O recente parecer do Tribunal de Justica sobre o acordo de comercio negociado entre a Uniao Europeia e Singapura (Parecer 2/15) tornou claro que o CETA tem de ser aprovado como um “acordo misto” em virtude de incluir materias abrangidas pela competencia partilhada entre a Uniao e os Estados-Membros. Os “acordos mistos” seguem um metodo decisorio intergovernamental que implica, na melhor das hipoteses, um atraso substancial na sua entrada em vigor, e, na pior, o veto a sua aprovacao que coloca em causa a imagem externa da Uniao. English Abstract: The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is a “new generation” bilateral free trade agreement that was signed on 30 October 2016 between Canada, of one part, and the European Union and the Member States, of the other part. The European Commission bowed to the pressure of the Member States and decided to qualify CETA as a “mix agreement” instead of an “EU-only agreement”. The “guardian of the Treaties” does not have any political leeway on the choice of the form of approval of CETA. This is a constitutional question related to the delimitation of competences between the European Union and the Member States. After the decision of the Court of Justice on the free trade agreement negotiated between the European Union and Singapore (Opinion 2/15), it became clear that CETA has to be approved as a “mix agreement”, as it includes matters that fall under shared competences between the European Union and the Member States. “Mix agreements” follow an intergovernmental decision method that determines, in the best case scenario, a substantial delay on their entry into force, and, in the worst, a veto to their approval that damages the external image of the European Union.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".