Control of Fullerene Crystallization from 2D to 3D through Combined Solvent and Template Effects
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Achieving precise control of molecular self-assembly to form designed three-dimensional (3D) structures is a major goal in nanoscale science and technology. Using scanning tunnelling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we show that a 2D covalent organic framework (COF-1) can template solution-processed C 60 guest molecules to form several solvent-dependent structural arrangements and morphologies via a 2D to 3D growth process. When 1,2,4-tricholorobenzene is used as solvent, C 60 molecules form a template-defined close-packed structure. When heptanoic acid is used as solvent, a range of lower density architectures that deviate from the template-defined close packing are observed. We attribute this difference to the co-adsorption of the heptanoic acid solvent molecules, which is only achieved in the presence of the template. This work demonstrates the possibility to precisely control 3D molecular self-assembly through the synergistic combination of template and solvent effects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it