[IC‐P‐044]: VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION MAY PROTECT AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS IN A VITAMIN D DEFICIENT DOUBLE‐TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF ALZHEIMER's DISEASE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Memantine is a moderate-affinity uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, known to protect neurons against Alzheimer's disease (AD) related pathology. However, chronic administration of memantine may have neurotoxic effects in transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Vitamin D (VitD), a neurosteroid hormone and antioxidant, may protect against neurotoxic effects. Since low VitD (<30 ng/mL) is highly prevalent (70–90%) in AD patients, this study aimed to investigate the effect of VitD supplementation on brain metabolism in a VitD deficient mouse model of AD treated with memantine. 40 deficient APPSwe/PS1-dE9 mice were studied using an interventional design with three parallel arms. All mice were fed a VitD deficient diet (<1 IU/kg) from 6 to 9 months of age to establish VitD deficiency. At 9 months of age, three interventions were applied: memantine only (25 mg/kg/day, n=13), memantine combined with VitD supplementation (25 mg/kg/day, 10,000 IU/kg VitD3, n=14), or no treatment (n=13). Brain metabolites from a 2x6x3 mm voxel encompassing both hippocampi were measured using in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) at 9.4T. H-MRS measurements were made at 9 months (before intervention) and at 12 months. Serum 25(OH)D levels were also measured. At 9 months of age, mean serum 25(OH)D was 4.52 ng/mL (s=1.19, 2 outliers removed), confirming VitD deficiency. At 12 months of age, lower serum 25(OH)D was observed in the group treated with memantine only (p<0.05) and in the group receiving no treatment (p<0.0001), compared to the group receiving combined treatment. From 9 months to 12 months, a significant decrease in glutathione/creatine ratio (GSH/Cr) was observed in mice treated with memantine only (p < 0.05). At 12 months, GSH/Cr was significantly lower in mice treated with memantine only than in mice receiving combined treatment or no treatment (p < 0.05).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".