[P2–043]: COMPLEMENTARY EEG EVIDENCE FOR A SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED ALZHEIMER's DISEASE CASE AFTER PHOTOBIOMODULATION TREATMENT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A recent case series report presented significant improvement in dementia patients after transcranial plus intranasal photobiomodulation (PBM) treatments. The phenomenon calls for evidence that the brains were responding to PBM and not to alternative external stimuli. This study utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) to investigate the case of an Alzheimer's disease (AD) patient experiencing significant improvement in cognition. The study used 810 nm, 40 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode (LED) devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the default mode network (DMN). The patient had a baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of 21. He received the PBM intervention for 6 days/week for 2 weeks. The protocol involved weekly, at home use of a transcranial-intranasal PBM device. The patient was administered the MMSE, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog), the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS-ADL) and resting state electroencephalograms (EEG) at baseline and after 2 weeks. After only two weeks of treatment, the patient showed significant improvement in the MMSE score from 21 to 24, ADAS-ADL from 43 to 58, and ADAS-cog from 35.33 to 23.34. These cognitive improvements were accompanied by oscillation changes in the delta, theta and alpha frequency bands expressed in EEG readings. The absolute power of alpha frequency increased significantly from 5.1 μV to 12.7 μV, and the peak of the alpha wave oscillation shifted from 8.6 Hz into 9.3 Hz. In addition, the absolute power of delta and theta increased from 1.86 μV to 2.9 μV and 2.12 μV to 3.7 μV, respectively. The patient improved significantly in his cognition after 2 weeks of PBM treatments, which the EEG data presented as the overall increase in absolute power across all brain oscillations. The enhanced overall EEG data may be associated with improved DMN function, supporting the potential of transcranial plus intranasal PBM as a safe and effective treatment for AD. EEG can also be a useful complementary tool to recognize the brain's response to PBM, potentially guiding the adjustment of PBM parameters, for improved clinical outcomes. Further studies are warranted to validate the potential of this PBM intervention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".