Viscous characteristics and modelling of CaO–Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> -based mould flux with B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> as a substitute for CaF <sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Following a series of laboratory studies on the development of fluoride-free or low-fluoride CaO–Al2O3-based mould flux for continuous casting of high-aluminium steel, the viscosity properties of CaO–Al2O3-based mould flux with B2O3 as a substitute for CaF2 were investigated using the rotating cylinder method. It was found that B2O3 behaved in a similar manner to CaF2 in changing the viscosity of the flux system. From calculations of the viscous activation energies, it was found that similar changes in the concentrations of CaF2 and B2O3 resulted in almost the same changes in activation energy. A viscosity prediction model was developed using the optical basicity concept as an indicator of melt behaviour. Predicted viscosity values showed good agreement with measurements reported in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".