NCOG-12. NEUROCOGNITIVE OUTCOME IN CHILDREN WITH SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS FOLLOWING TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT EMBRYONAL BRAIN TUMORS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Children treated for embryonal tumors are at risk for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We report the prevalence of SNHL in children treated for malignant posterior fossa (PF) tumors and evaluate its impact on intellectual outcome, as a function of treatment. Data from 104 survivors of malignant PF embryonal tumors, treated between 1996 and 2016 at The Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto, Canada) were included. Patients were treated with chemotherapy alone, or in combination with less radiation (reduced-dose radiation with a focal boost) or more radiation (treatments with higher radiation doses and/or larger boost volumes). All patients had audiological evaluations prior, during and following treatment, and 91 patients had 1 or more neuropsychological assessment. Growth curve analysis was used to determine stability or change in IQ scores over time. Severe SNHL was identified in 43 patients. Patients who developed SNHL had lower means than patients without SNHL on all IQ indices except processing speed (all P < 0.05). Patients with SNHL had lower intercepts for full scale IQ and verbal comprehension (all P < 0.05); however, all IQ indices declined by 0.9 points per year, regardless of SNHL (all P < 0.05). In patients treated with chemotherapy alone, those who developed SNHL had lower mean full scale IQ, perceptual reasoning and working memory than those who did not develop SNHL (all P < 0.05). In contrast, patients treated with radiation with and without SNHL did not differ in any IQ indices (all P > 0.05). Hearing loss is a much more significant complication than previously estimated in children treated for embryonal brain tumors. We demonstrate a profound impact of SNHL on intellectual functioning, in particular for patients treated with chemotherapy alone. Our results have implications for future trial design and follow-up for children with embryonal brain tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".