Impact of NaCl on drying shrinkage behavior of low-plasticity soil in earthen heritages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cracking of wall surface crusts on salt-laden earthen remains at the site of Yar City, northwest China, is a serious concern. This widespread pathology is closely related to the drying shrinkage behavior of soil and the fundamental mechanisms should be investigated to better interpret the deterioration of these precious heritages. In this paper, tests were conducted on specimens that were initially slurries with NaCl contents of 0%, 2%, and 5%. The soil shrinkage characteristic curve (SSCC) was measured using the fluid displacement method during a slow air-drying process. The drying branch of the soil-water retention curve was also established by combining three common techniques (pressure plate, vapor equilibrium, and filter paper). The microstructure of specimens with varying water and NaCl contents was characterized through mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) testing. Results show that NaCl had negligible impact on the SSCC, which was composed of three shrinkage zones. With increasing NaCl content, matric suction was hardly influenced while the total suction increased significantly due to the pore fluid osmotic suction. The analysis indicated that drying shrinkage was actually a process of consolidation governed predominantly by matric suction. MIP test results were consistent with the macroscale observations for specimens that were initially slurries: that the total volume of pores decreased upon drying. In addition, pore-size distribution was unimodal and no significant difference was observed among specimens with different NaCl contents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".