Fungal communities associated with the eastern larch beetle: diversity and variation within developmental stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bacterial and fungal communities associated with bark beetles, especially some Dendroctonus species, mediate challenging aspects of the subcortical habitat for their hosts. Filamentous fungi and yeasts are important in various metabolic processes of certain bark beetles, with involvement in nutrition, protection and detoxification of plant defense compounds. The eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex , is recognized as a serious forest pest in the upper part of North America. Although D. simplex is well studied, the fungal communities and their ecological role remain to be investigated. Here, using 18S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, we provide a comprehensive overview of the yeasts and filamentous fungi associated with the eastern larch beetle and compare fungal communities between different developmental stages and microenvironments. Fungal mycobiome associated with the galleries was also investigated. Our study has unveiled an unexpected fungal diversity associated with the developmental stages. Significant differences in species richness between the developmental stages were determined. Yeasts were found to be predominant in the adult and larval stages, whereas filamentous fungi were most prevalent in the pupae. Our results indicate a possible implication of yeasts in the eastern larch beetle nutrition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".