Human health risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticides in maize ( <i>Zea mays</i> L.) from Yushu, Northeast China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to investigate organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) concentrations in maize and estimate the health risk to consumers, a total of 55 samples were collected from Yushu, one of the most important maize production areas. The concentrations of the eleven detected OPs in maize were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). The results showed that OPs concentrations of all maize were not higher than maximum residue limit (MRL), 67.3% of samples below MRL and only in 32.7% of samples was not found OPs. The mean concentrations obtained for the eleven OPs in μg kg-1 were as follows: omethoate (0.8), quinalphos (0.8), phorate (0.7), dimethoate (0.7), parathion-methyl (0.6), isocarbophos (0.6), diazinon (0.5), fenitrothion (0.5), and malathion (0.5), with parathion (0.5) and fenthion (0.3). Phorate (16.4%), dimethoate (16.4%) and quinalphos (16.4%) had the highest frequency in the eleven OPs. 29.1% samples contained two or more kinds of OPs, while 38.2% samples detected one kind of OPs. The target hazard quotients (THQ) values were all less than one and the total acute hazard index (aHI) values for adults and children were 0.051 and 0.121, respectively indicating that consumer may not pose significant chronic and acute health risk through maize.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".