Long-Term Effect of Steam Exposure on CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Performance of Amine-Grafted Silica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the hydrothermal stability of triamine-grafted CO 2 adsorbent based on a commercial-grade silica (CARiACT, P10). Grafting was conducted in dry and wet conditions at 85 °C. At optimum grafting conditions using 0.2 cm 3 water and 1.5 cm 3 aminosilane per gram of silica, the highest CO 2 uptake of 1.93 mmol/g at 50 °C was obtained. This material was exposed to steam at 120 °C for up to 360 h. It was observed that increasing the duration of steam exposure from 3 to 24 h reduced adsorption uptake at 25 °C by 56%. However, the CO 2 uptake reduction was much less severe at higher adsorption temperatures, reaching 21% at 50 °C and only 4% at 75 °C. Conducting steam treatment for 360 h reduced adsorption uptake at 25, 50, and 75 °C by 83, 61, and 26%, respectively. For this extreme steaming experiment, the decrease in CO 2 uptake at all adsorption temperatures was attributed to the reduction of the sorbent average pore width, increasing diffusional mass transfer resistance. The results revealed that steam exposure did not reduce the amine loading or deactivate the amine groups; however, increasing exposure time decreased the average pore width, until partial collapse of material structure. Nevertheless, the large average pore width (21 nm) of the P10 silica led to higher hydrothermal stability of the amine-grafted sorbent compared to those with ordered pore structure supports, such as SBA-15 silica.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".