Performance of Multiframe Digital Interconnection Protection for Distributed Cogeneration Systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the application of the multiframe digital interconnection protection for cogeneration systems. The multiframe digital interconnection protection is constructed from two frequency main frames; one frame to detect islanding events and the other frame to detect faults on either side of the pointof-common-coupling (PCC). Islanding events are detected based on the wavelet packet transform high-frequency subband, which is extracted from the d-q-axis components of the instantaneous 3φ apparent powers determined at PCC. The detection of faults, on either side of PCC, is achieved by extracting the magnitudes and phases of the high-frequency contents present in PCC currents. The high-frequency contents present in PCC currents are extracted by a phaselet filter bank that is composed of six digital high-pass filters, which are designed to implement six phaselet subframes. The multiframe digital interconnection protection is experimentally tested on a 3.6 kVA cogeneration system for islanding events, different faults on both sides of PCC, and nontransient conditions. Test results demonstrate the ability of the proposed interconnection protection to initiate accurate, fast, and reliable responses to various types of transient disturbances.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it