Falling Poverty, Rising Privations: Trends over a Quarter Century in a Slum and a Village near Delhi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The need to track multi-dimensional poverty in place of just subsistence is being widely recognised by policy makers. However, the challenge of quantifying deficits in housing and sanitation as well as ‘freedoms’ is immense and a number of dearths that bring maximum suffering to people (like risks spawned by contaminated water and food supplies) remain uncharted in common counts of ‘poverties’ and deprivations. In this context, long-term, multi-disciplinary accounts of urban and rural poverty in a range of communities can be of help. As a contribution, this article offers an analysis of changing indices of material poverty as well as ‘privations’ like the worsening health environment, in the microcosm of a village and a slum from Delhi’s periphery, observed over a quarter century through observations, surveys, group discussions and semi-structured interviews. The study shows that ‘absolute poverty’ has declined, in both the sites, since late 1980s but ‘privations’ have risen on many fronts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".