Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Correlates of Functional Impairment Across the Continuum of No Cognitive Impairment to Dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The ability to carry out instrumental activities (IADL) of daily living allows older adults to continue to live independently. Previous research suggested IADL were supported by multiple cognitive and neuropsychiatric factors. The primary goal of this study was to investigate whether immediate memory, executive functions, depression, and apathy, predicted unique variance in IADL over and above demographic variables (age and education) and general cognitive screening (Mini-Mental State Exam). METHOD: Participants (N = 403) were recruited from the Rural and Remote Memory Clinic (75 no cognitive impairment; 75 mild cognitive impairment; 139 dementia due to Alzheimer's disease; 114 non-Alzheimer's dementia). RESULTS: Results of hierarchical regression analyses suggested immediate memory, executive functions, apathy, and depression each accounted for unique variance in IADL in the overall sample, but as a predictor only apathy predicted variance in IADLs above demographics and general cognitive status. Further analysis of the diagnostic subgroups suggested different variables were more strongly associated with IADL from group to group (apathy and depression for normal participants, apathy for MCI participants and for participants with dementia due to AD, but not for those with non-AD dementia). CONCLUSIONS: The implications for developing cognitive rehabilitation interventions are discussed, with a recommendation for interventions for symptoms of apathy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".